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<channel>
	<title>cvs &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/cvs/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "cvs"</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 17:52:19 +0000</pubDate>

	<generator>http://wordpress.com/tags/</generator>
	<language>en</language>

<item>
<title><![CDATA[Getting with the Subversion program]]></title>
<link>http://8centsaday.wordpress.com/?p=47</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 00:04:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>eightcentsaday</dc:creator>
<guid>http://8centsaday.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/13/getting-with-the-subversion-program/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve become involved in a software project hosted (for free) as a Subversion (SVN) repository ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I've become involved in a software project hosted (for free) as a <a href="http://subversion.tigris.org/">Subversion</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(software)">SVN</a>) repository at <a href="http://unfuddle.com/">Unfuddle</a>.</p>
<p>Having hitherto found the (apparently <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)#Early_history">shunned</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System">CVS</a> to be sufficient to my (usually single user) needs, I've had to do a little learning to get my head around SVN. The following may be of use to anyone else taking up Subversion:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://svnbook.red-bean.com/">definitive text</a>, in particular the <a href="http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.intro.quickstart.html">high-speed quickstart tutorial</a></li>
<li>The fact that SVN now seems to be installed by default with OS X</li>
<li><a href="http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/">TortoiseSVN</a>, a pretty nice Explorer-integrated client for Windows</li>
<li>David Shea's <a href="http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2008/08/18/sneakernet_s/">intriguing post on SVN by SneakerNet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.torrentfly.org/get_torrents/three+ragas+ravi+shankar.html">Three Ragas from Ravi Shankar</a></li>
</ul>
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</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[CVS-patiënten hebben GEEN inspanningsfobie]]></title>
<link>http://mecvswetenschap.wordpress.com/?p=187</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 11 Oct 2008 12:38:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mewetenschap</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mecvswetenschap.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/11/cvs-patienten-hebben-geen-inspanningsfobie/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Even terug in de tijd…
Dikwijls krijgen M.E.(cvs)-patiënten te horen (van kinesitherapeuten, in d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Even terug in de tijd…</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Dikwijls krijgen M.E.(cvs)-patiënten te horen (van kinesitherapeuten, in de referentiecentra,…) dat ze meer moeten bewegen, dat oefentherapieën goed voor hen zijn. Als we dan aanhalen dat we zieker worden (uren of dagen) na inspanning, dan negeert men dat en valt al gauw de term bewegings- of inspanningsfobie. Onderstaand artikel bewijst dat daar niets van aan is! (Merk op: de auteurs zijn zitten in psychiatrische hoek.)</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Volgens Ellen Goudsmit (M.E.-patiënte, ervaringsdeskundige, klinisch psychologe, publiciste en archivaris) is dit overigens research die het CGT-model ondermijnt…</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Journal of Psychosomatic Research (2005) Vol. 58, #4, pp. 367-373</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span lang="FR">Is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome an exercise-phobia?</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="FR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="FR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">A.M. Gallagher(a), A.R. Coldrick(a), B. Hedge(b), W.R.C. Weir(c), P.D. White(a)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">a Centre for Psychiatry, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Institute</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> of </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Community</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> Health Sciences, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, UK</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">b </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Torbay</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Hospital</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">South Devon</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> Healthcare NHS </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Trust</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">UK</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">c Coppett’s </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Wood</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Hospital</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, Royal Free Hospital Trust, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">London</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">UK</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">* This work was supported by the Linbury Trust and was conducted as part of an MSc for the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">University</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> of </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Leicester</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, funded by the MRC.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Samenvatting</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Doelstelling</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;">: Het doel van deze studie was te testen of patiënten met CVS een inspanningsfobie hebben door het meten van onrust-gerelateerde fysiologische en psychologischel reakties op gewone aktiviteit en inspanning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Methode</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;">: Patiënten en gezonde maar sedentaire controles werden gedurende 8 uur van een gewone dag beoordeeld, en voor, tijdens en na een oplopende inspanningstest op een gemotoriseerde loopband. Om verstorende effekten te vermijden, werden patiënten met co-morbide psychiatrische aandoeningen uitgesloten. Hartslag, galvanische huid-weerstand (GSR) en de hoeveelheid aktiviteit werden gemeten, alsook parameters voor onrust.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Resultaten</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;">: Patiënten met CVS waren meer vermoeid en hadden meer slaapstoornissen dan de controles en ervaarden grotere moeite tijdens de inspanningstest. Er werden geen statistisch significante verschillen gevonden qua hartslag of GSR tijdens een normale dag, en voor, tijdens of na de inspanningstest. Patiënten met CVS waren meer onrustig maar dit vermeerderde niet bij inspanning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Conclusie</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;">: De gegevens suggereren dat <strong><em><span style="background:lime none repeat scroll 0 0;">CVS-patiënten zonder een co-morbide psychiatrische aandoening geen inspanningsfobie</span></em></strong> hebben.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Inleiding</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Vijftig percent van 2.338 leden van een ME zelfhulpgroep ervaarden graduele ofentherapie (GET) als ‘nadelig’</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;"> [Action for ME. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Severely neglected ME in the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">UK</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">London</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, Action for ME, 2001. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;"><a href="http://www.afme.org.uk/res/img/resources/Severely%20Neglected.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.afme.org.uk/res/img/resources/Severely%20Neglected.pdf</a>].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Nijs et al. vonden</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;"> dat 47 van 64 CVS-patiënten (72%) een TSK [<em>Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia</em>]-score voor vermoeidheid van meer dan 37 hadden, wat volgens hen wijst op <strong><em>kinesiofobie</em></strong> [<em>bewegingsangst</em>].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Een fobie is een “uitgesproken en voortdurende angst die buitensporig en onredelijk is, veroorzaakt door de aanwezigheid van of het anticiperen op een specifiek voorwerp of de situatie”. Blootstelling aan de stimulus lokt een onmiddellijke onrust uit, met daaropvolgende vermijding. Wij testten de hypothese dat CVS-patiënten inspanning fobisch vermijden tijdens hun dagelijkse aktiviteiten en bij specifieke inspanning. We verwachtten dat <strong><em>als deze patiënten zo’n fobie hebben, ze dan een abnormale fysiologische opwinding zouden vertonen in anticipatie van en/of tijdens blootstelling van hun gevreesde stimulus</em></strong>: een inspanning. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Om de aanwezigheid van een inspanningsfobie te testen, hypothiseerden we het volgende aangaande CVS in vergelijking met controles: (a) ze zouden over het algemeen meer angstig zijn; (b) ze zouden meer onrustig zijn in afwachting van en in respons op inspanning; (c) ze zouden fysiologische tekenen van een grotere opwinding (hogere hartslag en een grotere daling van de galvanische huidweerstand - GSR) hebben tijdens gewone dagelijkse aktiviteiten en in respons op inspanning en (d) ze zouden meer waarschijnlijk fysische aktiviteit en inspanning vermijden. Als een fobie voor inspanning of aktiviteit aanwezig zou zijn, dan zouden we verwachten een verhoogde symptomatische onrust en een fysiologische reaktie in afwachting van de gevreesde stimulus te zien.</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Methode</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Deelnemers</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">42 CVS-patiënten [...] </span><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Oxford-criteria </span></em></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;">[<em>bredere definitie die ook ‘gewoon’ chronisch vermoeiden selekteert</em>]; 24 patiënten (57%) beantwoordden aan de internationale criteria voor CVS en 16 patiënten (38%) aan de criteria voor idiopathische chronische vermoeidheid [<em>idiopatisch = ontstaan onafhankelijk van andere ziekten of invloeden</em>]. […]. <strong><em>Patiënten met een co-morbide psychiatrische aadoening</em></strong> (zoals stemmings- of somatisatie-aandoeningen) <strong><em>werden uitgesloten</em></strong>. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]. Werden <strong><em>ook uitgesloten</em></strong>: […] <strong><em>zij die niet konden wandelen</em></strong>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Metingen</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[…] De subschaal ‘fysiek funktioneren’ van de verkorte ‘Health Status Survey’ (SF-36) werd gebruikt voor de eigen beoordeling van het fysiek funktioneren. Vermoeidheid werd gemeten met de ‘Chalder Fatigue Scale’ (vragenlijst met 11 items met een (0, 0, 1, 1) score. Slaapstoornissen werden zelf beoordeeld gebruimakend van de ‘Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index’ (PSQI). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Metingen voor de symptomatische onrust omvatten de ‘<strong><em>Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’</em></strong> (HADS). […]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Een ambulante monitor werd gebruikt om fysiologische metingen van de opwinding te verzamelen. Deze mat hartslag (elektrocardiografisch) en GSR (met een vinger-elektrode). Een verhoogde opwinding werd aangetoond als een daling van de huidweerstand […].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Resultaten</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[…] Noch de scores van HADS-onrust of HADS-depressie wezen op een psychiatrische aandoening. Er waren <strong><em>geen statistisch significante veranderingen in onrust tussen de dag 1</em></strong> [<em>vóór de inspanningstest</em>] <strong><em>en dag 2</em></strong> [<em>van de loopband-test</em>] bij CVS-patiënten of controles. Er waren <strong><em>geen statistisch significante verschillen in fysieke aktiviteit, GSR of hartslag tijdens dag 1</em></strong>. Er was geen statistisch significant verschil in het percentage inaktiviteit.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[…] Er was <strong><em>geen statistisch significant verschil in het GSR-patroon of hartslag</em></strong> tussen de groepen […].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Discussie</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Alhoewel patiënten met CVS over het algemeen iets angstiger en somatisch gevoelig waren dan de controles, werd er <strong><em>geen bewijs voor inspanningsfobie gevonden</em></strong>. <strong><em>Er was geen vermeerdering in symptomatische angst, GSR of hartslag in afwachting van of respons op inspanning</em></strong>. […] Het <strong><em>ontbreken van significante verschillen in hartslag suggereert dat de respons op inspanning van de twee groepen niet verschilde</em></strong>, zoals ook bij andere studies werd gevonden, consistent met gelijke niveaus deconditionering en opwinding. Het <strong><em>ontbreken van een significant verschil in fysieke aktiviteit in afwachting van de inspanningstest</em></strong>, op de dag vóór en de dag van de test, <strong><em>suggereert dat er geen sprake is van meer vermijdend gedrag bij CVS-patiënten</em></strong> vergeleken met gezonde controles. Er was een tendens bij de CVS-groep om minder lang op de loopband te staan, wat consistent is met hun significant hoger ervaren uitputting. Dit wijst er op dat <strong><em>de CVS-groep de inspanning als een grotere moeite ervaarde dan de controles</em></strong>; een consistente bevinding in eerdere studies. Dit was <strong><em>niet geassocieerd met overmatige fysiologische opwinding</em></strong> en daarom besluiten wij dat dit de aanwezigheid van inspanningsfobie NIET ondersteunt.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;">Omdat patiënten met co-morbide psychiatrische aandoeningen werden uitgesloten, is het nog mogelijk dat kinesiofobie van belang is bij dergelijke co-morbide patiënten.</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;"> Dit kan verklaren waarom kinesiofobie, enkel en alleen gemeten via vragenlijsten, van belang bleek in twee eerdere studies die wel co-morbide patiënten omvatten. De nauwe correlatie tussen de kinesiofobie-vragenlijst-score en de HADS-despressie- en angst-scores, gerapporteerd door Silver et al. kan suggereren dat <strong><em>kinesiofobie mogelijks primair verbonden</em></strong> is <strong><em>met co-morbide stemmingsaandoeningen</em></strong>, eerder dan met CVS zelf. Onze gegevens suggereren dat het <strong><em>onwaarschijnlijk</em></strong> is <strong><em>dat inspanningsfobie een onderhoudende factor is bij CVS</em></strong>, zonder de aanwezigheid van een co-morbide aandoening. De andere tegenstelling met eerder werk is dat we <strong><em>objectieve in plaats van subjectieve metingen voor vermijding en opwinding</em></strong> gebruikten.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Vermoeidheidsniveaus en zelf-gerapporteerde fysieke invaliditeit waren gelijkaardig met groepen van andere klinieken in de secundaire zorg. Het kan dat kinesiofobe patiënten weigerden deel te nemen. We denken echter dat dit onwaarschijnlijk is omwille van de gelijkaardige demografie van deelnemers en niet-deelnemers, en omdat slechts 3 van de 46 niet-deelnemers (7%) weigerden omdat ze dachten dat de studie hen slechter zou maken. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Aangezien beide groepen even sedentair en inaktief waren, suggereert dit dat <strong><em>vermoeidheid niet</em></strong> werd <strong><em>veroorzaakt door de huidige inaktiviteitsniveaus</em></strong>. […] CVS-patiënten hadden een lagere inspanningstolerantie dan de controles, alhoewel ze niet meer gedeconditioneerd waren dan de sedentaire controles. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">We concluderen dat <strong><em>CVS, zonder een co-morbide psychiatrische aandoening</em></strong>, waarschijnlijk <strong><em>geen inspanningsfobie</em></strong> is en angst-vermijding misschien minder belangrijk is bij CVS dan chronische pijn aandoeningen.</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[CVS deals of the day]]></title>
<link>http://ericah78.wordpress.com/?p=49</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 11 Oct 2008 02:46:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ericah78</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ericah78.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/cvs-deals-of-the-day/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Due to the craziness of this week, I didn&#8217;t make it to CVS on Monday like I&#8217;ve been doin]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Due to the craziness of this week, I didn't make it to CVS on Monday like I've been doing.  I made it there today though!  Last week, the magic coupon machine gave me a free $25 gift card with new or transferred prescription.  So, after my dr. appointment on Tuesday, I got the gift card!  So, all of my purchases today were FREE!!  Gotta love that!  Here's what I did:</p>
<p>Bought Always Infinity for 4.98, used $2 ECB's, paid 2.98 (+tax) on gift card, got 4.98 ECB's</p>
<p>Bought Bic Soliel Razor for 5.99-2.00MC, 2 Speed Stick for 3.98-0.50MC, used 4.98 ECB's, paid 2.49 (+tax) on gift card, earned 6.00 ECB's.</p>
<p>Bought 2 Mega packs of Playskool Diapers at 10.99 each-$4off$20 Playskool coupon, Bic Soleil blades for 5.99-2.00MC, Colgate MaxFresh for 2.99-1.00MC, used $5off$30 coupon, used 6.00 ECB's, paid 12.96 (+tax) on gift card, earned 6.00 ECB's.</p>
<p>I still have over $5 left on the gift card and have $6 in extra bucks, so I'd say that's pretty good.  Especially considering that if I had paid just the sale prices for everything, the total would be over $45.  I spent less than $20 off my gift card.  Making deals and paying for it with a free gift card feels oh so good!  Can't wait to see what's in store for next week!  Well, I could sneak a peek at iheartcvs.com.  :-)</p>
<p>(For those unfamiliar with the CVS lingo, check out iheartcvs.com, or moneysavingmom.com for more info)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[My Coke Habit]]></title>
<link>http://ashtonlikes.wordpress.com/?p=195</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 20:05:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Ashton Likes</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ashtonlikes.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/my-coke-habit/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Suddenly, I felt the urge for a beverage.  A Coke.
How&#8217;s that for a dramatic start?  That]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Suddenly, I felt the urge for a beverage.  A Coke.</p>
<p>How's that for a dramatic start?  That's what the word "suddenly" is capable of doing.</p>
<p>However, it was a true story.  I've been cooped up at my lovely desk doing my lovely job and forgot the rest of the world existed.  And man oh man what a gorgeous day I've been missing!  There's nothing better than beautiful weather.</p>
<p>So, I walked over to CVS to get a Coke, passing by a fancy old steak house along the way.  That place ALWAYS has the most amazing cars parked out front.  Serious cars.  We're talking Maserati, Rolls-Royce, and Bentley.  Maybe I'll start taking pictures over the next few weeks or their beautifulness and share them.</p>
<p>The people who drive them and dine there aren't rich celebrities either.  They're in the Mob.</p>
<p>Anyway, Coke.  I actually went for a Cherry Coke, which I rarely do, but something about the day called for the extra flavoring.  I go up and pay for it, and suddenly the receipt machine spits out this:</p>
[caption id="attachment_196" align="alignnone" width="500" caption="I tacked it to the wall."]<a href="http://ashtonlikes.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/super-long-receipt.jpg"><img class="size-large wp-image-196" title="Super Long Receipt From Hell" src="http://ashtonlikes.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/super-long-receipt.jpg?w=500" alt="I tacked it to the wall." width="500" height="666" /></a>[/caption]
<p>I measured it: 3' 8-5/8"  (or for the rest of the world: 113cm)</p>
<p>Seriously?  Why, dear God why, do the people at CVS think it's a splendid idea to load up their receipts with so much crap????  It's insane. </p>
<p>On top of that, my 20oz bottle of Cherry Coke cost, get this, $1.68.  Now, I understand the cost of living in Chicago is on the high side, and I also know that inflation can do crazy things, but, (oh boy do I feel like an old man saying this) I remember not too terribly long ago when a bottle of Coke was only $0.99!!!</p>
<p>That's a... hold on... where's my calculator... that's a 69% increase in like 6 years!  (that math is very likely wrong, but you get my point)</p>
<p>They obviously had to increase the price to pay for the receipt paper.</p>
<p>So... with this whole recession business going on, is Coke gonna get cheaper?  It's an expensive habit.</p>
<p>Playing RIGHT now:  Dreamworld - Rilo Kiley</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis using cell-free Fetal DNA]]></title>
<link>http://therotundaramblings.wordpress.com/?p=372</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 07:41:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>goralgandhi</dc:creator>
<guid>http://therotundaramblings.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/non-invasive-prenatal-diagnosis-using-cell-free-fetal-dna/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The holy grail of prenatal diagnosis has been the identification of chromosome and single gene abnor]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The holy grail of prenatal diagnosis has been the identification of chromosome and single gene abnormalities through maternal blood sampling. This would allow safe accurate prenatal diagnosis, requiring much lower operator skills, and automation is potentially possible, making it cost-effective. In contrast, standard prenatal screening involves ultrasound and biochemical risk assessment followed by invasive prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis or fetal blood sampling - all requiring clinical expertise to perform and a variable risk of fetal loss.</p>
<p>The most common call is consistently from parents wrestling with the decision about whether to have an invasive test such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. Because both procedures carry a one per cent risk of miscarriage, parents agonise over whether to put their pregnancy at risk in order to have conclusive information on a genetic condition. If cffDNA testing were to provide risk-free but reliable diagnoses of aneuploidies and other genetic conditions it would prove extremely popular with many parents.For most parents the earlier reassurance that cffDNA testing would bring will be welcome. However, we must avoid making assumptions that an earlier diagnosis will necessarily be easier for parents to cope with. Making painful decisions about the future of what is most often a wanted pregnancy is difficult at any gestation. Furthermore, there is no evidence that earlier terminations for fetal abnormality have substantially less emotional impact on women and couples than those carried out later in the pregnancy.</p>
<p>Another concern from the parental perspective is the form cffDNA testing takes, being a simple blood test. Women are very accustomed to having blood taken in pregnancy and while holding out an arm for a needle to be inserted is not always pleasant, it is something with which every pregnant woman is familiar. The 'routine' nature of the procedure could mean that some women embark on it without considering the possible implications and so are particularly distressed if test results bring unexpected news about the pregnancy. This has implications for how pre-test counselling and consent issues are handled.<br />
In fact there is a precedent for a non-invasive diagnostic tool in routine use in antenatal care, namely ultrasound scanning. Every time an ultrasound probe is placed on the abdomen of a pregnant woman there is the possibility that an abnormality will be detected. Although information provision to women about the purpose of antenatal ultrasound is improving, we cannot underestimate the profound impact on parents when the scan shows that there is something wrong. However well-informed a woman may be, such news will always come as a shock and generate considerable anxiety and distress. This will also be the case for a diagnosis made from cffDNA testing, even if it comes earlier in pregnancy. </p>
<p>For decades, attempts to identify intact fetal cells in the maternal circulation have been unsuccessful - too few cells were present, and the few that were identified could remain in the circulation for years. Cell-free DNA is also present in the circulation and probably arises from apoptosis (controlled cell death) of cells. Fetal DNA arises from dying trophoblast cells and comprises 3-6 per cent of the total cell free DNA in the maternal circulation. FfDNA was first demonstrated in the maternal circulation in 1997, it consists of short fragments of DNA, not whole chromosomes. It can be first identified from the fourth week of gestation and increases throughout pregnancy. It is rapidly cleared from the maternal circulation after delivery and is undetectable by two hours. DNA is normally transcribed in to RNA and cell free RNA (ffRNA) also circulates in the maternal circulation. It is more stable than other forms of RNA. Only genes that are being transcribed will produce RNA and therefore identification of free fetal against free maternal RNA may be possible through differential expression patterns (ie. different patterns of maternal and fetal gene activity).</p>
<p>Identification of the ffDNA from the free maternal DNA is a major challenge. Fifty per cent of the genes in fetal DNA will be the same as in the maternal DNA, as they originate from the mother. Two clinical uses of ffDNA technologies are currently used frequently; rhesus typing and fetal sexing. Rhesus blood grouping of the fetus in rhesus negative mothers is used to try and prevent isoimmunisation of the fetus by using anti D antibodies in mothers carrying rhesus positive babies. Fetal sexing is offered to women who are either carriers of an X-linked disorder and who only need to have a CVS if they are carrying an at risk male, or women at a one in four risk of having an affected baby with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In these pregnancies early maternal treatment with dexamethasone hopefully prevents the development of the distressing problem of clitoromegaly in affected girls.</p>
<p>However, the above two uses for ffDNA are only the very beginning for what is potentially possible with this technology. Screening for Down syndrome and other major trisomies (conditions caused by having three, rather than two copies of a particular chromosome) would transform prenatal diagnosis and screening. Diagnosis could be earlier and available to a much wider number of women. Single gene disorders can also be potentially identified using ffDNA. At present this is being studied in cases where the father is a carrier of an autosomal dominant disease - identification of the mutation has to be from ffDNA as the mother does not carry the mutation. If the father carries a different mutation in an autosomal recessive disease then this might also be possible to identify. Another potential use for ffDNA is where ultrasound abnormalities are identified and it may be possible to confirm a diagnosis using genetic tests and ffDNA. Examples of this include achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. In view of the limited volume of ffDNA available, it is only possible to look at specific well recognised mutations rather than screening a whole gene. FfRNA from genes that are only active in the placenta will allow wider applications of the technology, as there will be different patterns of gene activity from maternal ffRNA, and hence differentiating between the two should be easier.</p>
<p>Greater availability of risk free tests for prenatal diagnosis may sound ideal, but first it is necessary to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the test. Fetal sexing had an approximately four per cent error rate until recently. Fetal sexing can be confirmed using ultrasound at 16 weeks so the error can be rectified, but for tests with no ultrasound markers this will not be possible. In addition, not all women want prenatal diagnosis but all women have blood samples taken during pregnancy, so they may not realise what is being tested for and receive results that they are ill-prepared to receive. Biochemical screening has had some similar problems but as it is a screening test the woman then has a choice whether to proceed to a diagnostic test. Lastly there is the possibility of abusing the technology particularly for fetal sexing; this has happened in other modalities of prenatal diagnosis in both ultrasound and karyotyping. There is a possibility of ffDNA testing being available over the internet and therefore more difficult to control.</p>
<p>FfDNA technology thus has the potential to change the face of prenatal diagnosis, allowing safer and earlier diagnosis for a wide number of genetic diseases, and we look forward to these advances with anticipation and a degree of impatience.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[More Beauty for Your Buck]]></title>
<link>http://caitlin21.wordpress.com/?p=30</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2008 20:36:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>crs21</dc:creator>
<guid>http://caitlin21.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/09/more-beauty-for-your-buck/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Turn an inch into a mile, a mascara wand into an eyeshadow, a powder puff into a mountain of  cotton]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Turn an inch into a mile, a mascara wand into an eyeshadow, a powder puff into a mountain of  cotton balls...you get the idea. Today, I'm going to let you ladies in on the best places to multiply your makeup inventory with freebies, rewards programs, and just plain good deals.</p>
<p>Have an <a title="ulta " href="http://www.ulta.com">ULTA</a> nearby ? Use it. This beauty mecca offers drugstore staples and the finest in department store and professional products. (Seriously, where else can you find Rimmel mascara AND Ralph Lauren fragrance in one well-organized stop?) The best part: a free Club at ULTA  card pays when you use it with each purchase; each dollar spent goes toward a rewards program, which offers select freebies after designated time periods (e.g. 2-3 months). A minimum of $50 gets you in the program; reward levels range from a free package of cotton balls to the glorious time I hit top level 6 and scored any perfume up to $45. (I chose Britney Spears Fantasy, and I swear it smells better free). Their mailer is also cosmetic gold: buy-one-get-one deals on essentials like mascara and lip gloss are always going on).</p>
<p>So maybe it's not Maybelline, but at <a href="http://www.sephora.com">Sephora</a>, which sells only high-end swag, you can become a Beauty Insider.  For every 100 beauty points you aquire, the store lets you choose a "deluxe sample" of a product yet to hit shelves. My only Sephora gift so far is a teeny, if not velvety-rich, hand lotion, but I really just head there to ooh and aah over the superstar brands and to spritz that unattainable Gucci perfume, guilt-free.</p>
<p>Got an event coming up? Get a gorgeous face at <a href="http://wwww.maccosmetics.com">Mac,</a> where a $55 purchase gets you face time with one of their pro artists (oh yes, pun intended). Trust me, the Mac grab-bag you'll leave with is worth it. Be the hottest girl at homecoming, or be a drama doll for that happenin' Halloween party.</p>
<p>One of my favorite pastimes is to pore over the fliers from the Sunday paper-a more glamorous publication than you think. CVS, Walgreens, and Rite Aid, among others, advertise their weekly specials, many involving steals and deals on fab makeup brands. It's also worth it to head to the stores themselves, where unadvertised specials stock the shelves. A few weeks ago, I scored a nice little bottle of Mariah Carey's <em>M</em> fragrance at <a href="http://www.riteaid.com/stores/weekly_ad/">Rite Aid</a>-for ten bucks off the original price. Grand total? $10 and the priceless feeling of being one savvy deal diva.</p>
<p>Happy shopping!</p>
<p>-C</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Stop discriminating against my snatch]]></title>
<link>http://meddlingshro.wordpress.com/?p=285</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 23:35:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>meddlingshro</dc:creator>
<guid>http://meddlingshro.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/08/stop-discriminating-against-my-snatch/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hi, Vagina, we have a problem
I was going to write this fun, happy little post about how NYC and Doo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi, Vagina, we have a problem</p>
<p>I was going to write this fun, happy little post about how NYC and Doorman are only 36 hours away from me.  I was going to talk about how I wanted to do cliche things like have a picnic in the park and this and that, but then something happened! SOMETHING BAD.</p>
<p>I screwed with my birth control so that mother nature wouldn't disturb my fantastic Fall break of fucking.  And, it won't.  However, now I need more, so I called CVS last night to get a new pack and the computerized man told me I needed authorization for that and that they would request it from my doctor.  Ok, fine.  I told computer dude to have it ready for me by seven tonight.  He agreed he would do so.</p>
<p>I sped over there around seven after getting off a long shift at work and being quite covered in muffin batter. I was sweaty, tired and trying to schedule out my busy evening, when homeboy behind the window counter told me, "You were denied." What!?  "What do you mean I was denied?" "They don't tell me why. It just says that your doctor denied it." "Cunt! What the fuck? Shit." I was just about to tell him how very important it was that I get that birth control, when I opted against it.  I had already said cunt to the boy, I'm sure he would be able to assume.  I told him thanks and drove off, panicking. Of course the doctor's office is closed by this time, so I can't call and question their motives.<br />
I called anyway, hoping I could leave a lengthy message describing why exactly this birth control is dire, but to leave a message (that will go directly to the provider) costs 10 dollars.  That's how much this freakin birth control costs.  I hung up and calmed myself as I snatched out an old pill bottle out from purse and called the CVS at home to see if the doctors denied it since I called it in from another city.  Yeah, that wasn't why.</p>
<p>I got the big ole friendly probe back in May and the doctor said that my vag checked out a-okay, so what the frank?  Homegirl here needs some baby killing pills, pronto. So I'm just gonna have to call tomorrow at 8 am and give them this little speech...</p>
<blockquote><p>Hi, look, CVS called you guys yesterday to get me some more birth control and everything should have been peachy.  Yeah, but it wasn't and my vag got denied it's very important drugs.  Mmmhm, yeah and well, you see, I'm leaving in less than 24 hours to go to New York for a week, where I will be having an ungodly amount of sex.  Ungodly.  And...the last thing I need right now is a Shro Baby.  So, I'm going to need you guys to stop discriminating against my vag and help a snooch out.  Look, in a week a half if you want me to come in, you can do whatever you please to me, but right now I need those pills.  RIGHT NOW! So make it work.  THANKS!</p></blockquote>
<p>If that doesn't work, I don't know what I'm going to do, I guess wrap it up. GAH! Fuck that.  Vag will keep you posted, but right now she is upset.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Doesn't get much better than this...]]></title>
<link>http://soulierefamily.wordpress.com/?p=293</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 17:54:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rachels4ut</dc:creator>
<guid>http://soulierefamily.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/07/doesnt-get-much-better-than-this/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[OK, I love a good deal/saving money, but what is REALLY awesome is making money to buy things!  Sor]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>OK, I love a good deal/saving money, but what is REALLY awesome is making money to buy things!  Sorry the picture isn't great because they are in the garage and I didn't want to carry them inside.  I bought 5 boxes of GIANT freeze pops.  Seriously, it is 105 lbs of freeze pops!!!  They were originally $14.99 a box and you got $5.00 extra bucks (from CVS).  I bought them on sale/clearance for $3.49 and got $5 extra bucks back!  So, I made $1.51 a box, that's $7.55 that CVS paid me for 5 boxes of HUGE freeze pops which Josh and Carter LOVE.  I think they will have enough to last at least a year:)</p>
[caption id="attachment_294" align="aligncenter" width="300" caption="Giant Feeze Pops"]<a href="http://soulierefamily.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/hpnx0158.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-294" title="hpnx0158" src="http://soulierefamily.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/hpnx0158.jpg?w=300" alt="Giant Feeze Pops" width="300" height="225" /></a>[/caption]
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<title><![CDATA[CVS $5 ECB's traded]]></title>
<link>http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/?p=146</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 17:39:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>awakened1</dc:creator>
<guid>http://farmorethandiamonds.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/07/cvs-5-ecbs-traded/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
I had a great plan worked out for CVS today.. but both of my local CVS&#8217;s were wiped out of mo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-43" title="xtracarelogo1" src="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/xtracarelogo1.jpg" alt="" width="240" height="139" /></p>
<p>I had a great plan worked out for CVS today.. but both of my local CVS's were wiped out of most of the deals I was looking for.</p>
<p>Luckily, one CVS cashier was restocking the toothpaste aisle and found 2 of the MaxFresh w/ mouthwash beads hidden behind a different brand!</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Today's deal was:</span></p>
<p>2- Colgate MaxFresh w/ Mouthwash beads- on Sale 2.99 each <span style="color:#800080;">Get 2 ECB's each.</span></p>
<p>1- CVS Kids antibacterial spray- on Sale 1.99 <span style="color:#993366;">Get 1 ECB</span></p>
<p>1- Reese's peanutbutter cup- on sale .50 (this was a filler.. my total was 3 cents short!! :( )</p>
<p><strong>Total before tax/q's= 8.47</strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">q's used: $8</span></p>
<p>-$1 (used 2)  Maxfresh-CVS Beauty Handbook</p>
<p>- $1 CVS product- CVS Beauty Handbook</p>
<p>- $5 ECB on hand from last week</p>
<h2><strong>Total Paid OOP .51 </strong>and earned $5 ECB's right back. :)</h2>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-147" title="cimg2402" src="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/cimg2402.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></p>
<p>isn't it nice to walk out the store with free stuff??</p>
<p>Let me know how you did at CVS this week here in my comments.. or check out other CVS'ers at the <a href="http://www.kingdomfirstmom.com/2008/10/cvs-5-challenge-october-5-11.html" target="_blank">CVS Challenge!</a></p>
<p><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6" title="siggy1" src="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/siggy1.png" alt="" width="84" height="78" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Painkiller Epidemic Update: Central Florida Marks 50th Pharmacy Robbery This Year]]></title>
<link>http://swallowed.wordpress.com/?p=466</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 01:22:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>swallowed</dc:creator>
<guid>http://swallowed.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/painkiller-epidemic-update-central-florida-marks-50th-pharmacy-robbery-this-year/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Suspect Caught on Surveillance Video During Orlando Pharmacy Robbery
Early this week a robber, armed]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[[caption id="" align="alignnone" width="240" caption="Suspect Caught on Surveillance Video During Orlando Pharmacy Robbery"]<img title="CVS Pharnacy Robbed" src="http://www.wftv.com/2008/1006/17636828_240X180.jpg" alt="Suspect Bares Face During Orlando CVS Robbery" width="240" height="180" />[/caption]
<p>Early this week a robber, armed with a semi-automatic handgun, walked through the front doors of a 24-hour CVS store in Orlando demanding OxyContin. According to police, the man got away with a large amount of the controlled drug.</p>
<blockquote><p><strong>Author's Note: </strong><em>Pharmacies that stay open 24 hours a day are at a much higher risk of being robbed. Nearly 50 percent of all pharmacy crimes happen between midnight and 4:00am.</em></p></blockquote>
<p>For Central Florida, this latest armed narco-robbery marks the 50th pharmacy robbery this year. Even for those of is monitoring the spread of the Painkiller Epidemic, 50 robberies in less than one year, in one little part of the country, is a sobering statistic.</p>
<p>_</p>
<ul>
<li>View the Surveillance <a title="CVS Surveillance Video" href="http://www.wftv.com/video/17636831/index.html" target="_blank">Video</a> of the Suspect</li>
<li>View other <a title="Painkiller Epidemic Updates" href="../category/painkiller-epidemic/" target="_self">Painkiller Epidemic Updates</a></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-style:italic;">Image courtesy </span><a href="http://www.wftv.com/">WFTV</a><span style="font-style:italic;">.</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[CVS - 10/5 - $0.22 OOP ]]></title>
<link>http://stretchabuck.wordpress.com/?p=31</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2008 22:21:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>inthelifeofahousewife</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stretchabuck.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/cvs-105-022-oop/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
2 Speedstick Deoderant - $1.99 (Get $1.00 ECB Each)
1 BIC Soliel Razor Cartridges - $5.99 (Get $4.0]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><a rel="attachment wp-att-32" href="http://stretchabuck.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/cvs-105-022-oop/p1000199/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-32  aligncenter" title="CVS 10-5" src="http://stretchabuck.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/p1000199.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>2 Speedstick Deoderant - $1.99 (Get $1.00 ECB Each)<br />
1 BIC Soliel Razor Cartridges - $5.99 (Get $4.00 ECBs)<br />
1 Vitamin Water - $2.29 (Get $2.29 ECBs)<br />
2 Colgate Maxfresh Mouthwash Beads - $2.99 (Get $2.00 ECBs Each)<br />
1 Always Infinity Pads - $4.98 (Get $4.98 ECBs)</p>
<p>Total = $23.22</p>
<p>Coupons:</p>
<p>1 BIC Soliel - $1.00<br />
1 Speedstick - $1.00/2<br />
2 Colgate Maxfresh Beads - $1.00 Each<br />
1 CVS Coupon - $3.00/$15.00</p>
<p>Used $16.00 ECBs</p>
<p>Payed $0.22 Out Of Pocket</p>
<p>$17.27 ECBs Earned</p>
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<title><![CDATA[CVS Deals...]]></title>
<link>http://ourfrugalexperiment.wordpress.com/?p=111</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 05 Oct 2008 21:33:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rachbear</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ourfrugalexperiment.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/05/cvs-deals/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
I was initially disappointed because my husband needed some more antacid pills.  Those things are ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://ourfrugalexperiment.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/dscf0032.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-112" title="dscf0032" src="http://ourfrugalexperiment.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/dscf0032.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="196" /></a></p>
<p>I was initially disappointed because my husband needed some more antacid pills.  Those things are expensive!!  I assumed that since I was going to have to pay so much out of pocket for those that my CVS posting would be a bust this week.  But, as always, CVS did not let me down.  First, when I scanned my card at the <a href="http://ourfrugalexperiment.wordpress.com/2008/09/13/cvs-coupons/" target="_blank">'magic machine'</a> out popped $2 in ECB's!!  Second, I found two 25 count packs shrink wrapped together for only $8.19!!  So, with these two great finds, here is what I did:</p>
<p><strong>Transaction #1:</strong></p>
<p>Always Infinity Pads 18 count $4.98</p>
<p>Used $2 ECB's from last week and $2 ECB's from the machine.</p>
<p>OOP: $1.04</p>
<p>ECB's Earned: $4.98</p>
<p><strong>Transaction #2</strong></p>
<p>Bic Soleil Razor $5.99</p>
<p>Vitamin Water $2.29</p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">Coupons:</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">$2.00 off Soleil Razors or catridges</span></p>
<p>Used $4.98 ECB from previous transaction</p>
<p>OOP: $1.50</p>
<p>ECB's Earned: $6.29</p>
<p><strong>Transaction #3</strong></p>
<p>CVS Acid Controller (2 25 Count Boxes Shrink Wrapped together) $8.19</p>
<p>24 Pack of Water $3.99</p>
<p>Used $6.29 from previous transaction.</p>
<p>OOP: 6.00</p>
<p><strong>Total OOP from all THREE transactions: $8.54</strong></p>
<p>YEAHHH!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Verminderde zuurstof-voorziening in de hersenen tijdens inspanning]]></title>
<link>http://mecvswetenschap.wordpress.com/?p=176</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 15:16:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mewetenschap</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mecvswetenschap.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/03/verminderde-zuurstof-voorziening-in-de-hersenen-tijdens-inspanning/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging (Preprint 29 juli 2008)
 
Prefrontal cortex oxygenation d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]&#62;  Normal 0 21       MicrosoftInternetExplorer4  &#60;![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]&#62;  Normal 0 21       MicrosoftInternetExplorer4  &#60;![endif]--><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging (Preprint 29 juli 2008)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Prefrontal cortex oxygenation during incremental exercise in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">J. Patrick Neary<sup>(1,*)</sup>, Andy D.W. Roberts<sup>(2)</sup>, Nina Leavins<sup>(2)</sup>, Michael F. Harrison<sup>(1)</sup>, James C. Croll<sup>(2)</sup> and James R. Sexsmith<sup>(2)</sup></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">1 Faculty of Kinesiology &#38; Health Studies, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">University</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> of </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Regina</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Regina</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">SK</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">2 Faculty of Kinesiology, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">University</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> of </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">New Brunswick</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Fredericton</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">NB</span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Canada</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Introduktie</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Alhoewel CVS tegenwoordig als een medische aandoening wordt aanvaard, zijn subjectieve symptomen de primaire focus van de huidig gebruikte diagnostische criteria. Daardoor is er nog steeds geen duidelijk inzicht in de pathofysiologie, etiologie en pathogenese van de aandoening (Chaudhuri &#38; Behan 2004; Siemionow et al. 2004b), aangezien co-morbiditeit (bv. fibromyalgie) de respons van patiënten bij fysieke en cognitieve beoordeling kan beïnvloeden (Cook et al. 2005, 2006). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…] Recent onderzochten Wallman et al. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;">(2005) de relatie tussen fysiologische, psychologische en cognitieve variabelen en bepaalden dat hun data een centrale, en niet een perifere, basis voor het moeheidsgevoel bij CVS ondersteunen. Anderen hebben ook gesuggereerd dat centrale factoren bijdragen tot de verminderde inspanningscapaciteit bij CVS (Kent-Braun et al. 1993; Georgiades et al. 2003).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Onlangs werd aangetoond dat <strong><em>nabij infrarood spectroscopie (NIRS), een niet-invasieve optische techniek, kan worden gebruikt om weefsel-oxygenatie en bloed-volume veranderingen te meten tijdens inspanning</em></strong> gedurende gestandardiseerde bewegings- en cognitieve taken; en recente overzichten aangaande de toepassing op inspanningswetenschap werden gerapporteerd voor spier- én hersen-weefsel (Ferrari et al. 2004; Neary 2004). ‘<strong><em>Spatially resolved’ (of multi-distance) spectroscopie (SRS) is gebaseerd op de vermindering van licht(intensiteit) wanneer het in het weefsel dringt en wordt gemeten op meerdere verschillende afstanden van een detektor</em></strong> (Wolf et al. 2003, 2007). <strong><em>SRS-NIRS</em></strong> kan dus worden <strong><em>gebruikt om kwantitatieve veranderingen in weefsel HbO<sub>2</sub>-saturatie</em></strong> (onafhankelijk van of bloed-volume veranderingen) <strong><em>te monitoren</em></strong>. Met de recente verzameling van research-gegevens die zuurstof-aantasting in skeletspieren van CVS-indivduen suggereren (McCully &#38; Natelson 1999; McCully et al. 2004), biedt NIRS klinici en onderzoekers de gelegenheid om effektief veranderingen in HbO<sub>2</sub>-saturatie van corticaal weefsel te observeren en analyseren. Er is echter beperkte research beschikbaar waar de regionale cerebrale bloeddoorstroming en oxygenatie-veranderingen in CVS werd onderzocht (Schwartz et al. 1994; Tanaka et al. 2002), en we weten van geen beschikbare research over HbO<sub>2</sub>-saturatie van corticaal weefsel in CVS-individuen tijdens maximale oplopende inspanning. NIRS biedt dus een nieuwe techniek die kan worden gebruikt tijdens maximale inspanning en kan worden toegpast om centrale O<sub>2</sub>-afhankelijke mechanismen te onderzoeken die mogelijks bij CVS zijn betrokken (Tanaka et al. 2002).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Het doel van deze studie was daarom de effekten te onderzoeken van maximale inspanning, oplopende tot de grenzen van de tolerantie, op kwantitative veranderingen in cerebrale oxygenatie en bloed-volume bij CVS-individuen. Gebaseerd op eerdere bevindingen in de literatuur dat cerebrale bloeddoorstroming en oxygenatie bij CVS tijdens orthostatisch testen zijn veranderd (Tanaka et al. 2002; Yoshiuchi et al. 2006), hypothiseerden we dat cerebrale oxygenatie gemeten aan de prefrontale cortex ook verminderd zou zijn bij CVS-individuen in vergelijking met controles tijdens maximale oplopende inspanning.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Methoden</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Individuen</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">… vrouwen … n=6 … </span><span style="font-size:10pt;">CVS-groep ... inclusie-criteria … ‘Centre for Disease Control’ (Fukuda et al. 1994) … gecontroleerd op andere co-morbide ziekten (bv. fibromyalgie) …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Inspanningsmodaliteiten en protocol</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Cycle-ergometrie … enkelvoudige 1 uur durende test-sessie … deelnemers uitgelegd de inspanning zo lang mogelijk vol te houden (onder verbale aangemoediging) … <strong><em>totale inspanningsduur tussen ongeveer 8 en 14 minuten</em></strong> …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Nabij-infrarood spectroscopie</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">De detektie- en emissie-sonden van een <strong><em>SRS nabij-infrarood spectrofotometer</em></strong> … werd op zijn plaats gehouden d.m.v. een vinyl houder … geplaatst boven de linker prefrontale kwab (1 cm boven de wenkbrauw en 1 cm links van het schedel-centrum) en op zijn plaats gehouden met kleefband.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">… laser-licht met 4 golflengten (775, 810, 850, 905 nm) om de <strong><em>relatieve concentratie-veranderingen in oxy-haemoglobine (HbO<sub>2</sub>), deoxy-haemoglobine (HHb) en totaal bloed-volume (tHb=HbO<sub>2</sub>+HHb)</em></strong> te berekenen … Weelsel oxygenatie index (TOI, %), een maat voor zuurstof(O<sub>2</sub>)-saturatie en onafhankelijk van bloed-volume veranderingen, kan ook worden gemonitord (TOI,%=HbO<sub>2</sub>/tHb).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[<em>Hartslag (HR) en ‘score voor ervaren inspanning’ (RPE) werden opgenomen gedurende de test.</em>]</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;">Resultaten</span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Prefrontale cerebrale oxygenatie</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">… Tijdens oplopende inspanning was er een <strong><em>graduele toename in HbO<sub>2</sub> en tHb van de rusttoestand tot ongeveer 90% van de tijd tot uitputting</em></strong> (TTE) en <strong><em>dan een plateau of stabilisatie tot maximale inspanning voor beide groepen</em></strong> De <strong><em>deoxy-Hb (HHb) bleef significant stijgen in beide groepen</em></strong> tot de inspanning werd gestopt. Wat betreft de <strong><em>TOI</em></strong> (%), de <strong><em>weerspiegeling van de</em></strong> <strong><em>dynamische balans tussen O<sub>2</sub>-toevoer en O<sub>2</sub>-verbruik, was er een graduele afname bij oplopende inspanning tot vermoeidheid in beide groepen</em></strong>. <strong><em>Tijdens maximale inspanning waren HbO<sub>2</sub>, HHb, tHb en TOI% allen significant verschillend tussen the CVS- en de controle-groep</em></strong> [<em>Prefrontale cortex HbO<sub>2</sub>, HHb en tHb waren significant lager bij maximale inspanning bij CVS versus controle, net zoals TOI tijdesn inspanning en herstel.</em>] … <strong><em>Alle variabelen vertoonden een significant verschil CVS versus controles tijdens de recovery-periode.</em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">…<span style="text-decoration:underline;">]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[<em>Voorspelde VO<sub>2</sub>piek was significant lager bij CVS (1331 p/m 377 ml) individuen dan bij de controle-groep (1990 p/m 332 ml) en CVS-individuen raakten significant sneller uitgeput (CVS: 351 p/m 224 s; controle: 715 p/m 176 s) bij een lagere ‘power-output’ (CVS: 100 p/m 39 W; controle: 163 p/m 34 W). CVS-individuen hadden ook een significant lagere maximum HR (CVS: 154 p/m 13 bpm; controle: 186 p/m 11 bpm) en rapporteerden consistent een hogere RPE.</em>]</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Discussie</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Gebruikmakend van NIRS, toonden de resultaten van deze studie voor het eerst aan dat <strong><em>cerebrale oxygenatie en bloed-volume veranderingen bij vrouwelijke CVS-individuen significant verschillend waren van controles tijdens oplopende maximale inspanning</em></strong>. Deze <strong><em>gegevens ondersteunen eerder onderzoek waarbij cerebrale oxygenatie was verminderd bij CVS</em></strong> … en ondersteunen onze hypothese dat <strong><em>cerebrale verschillen bestaan tussen CVS en sedentaire controle-individuen</em></strong>. Te samen genomen suggereren deze gegevens dat er een link is tussen aangetaste cerebrale oxygenatie en chronische vermoeidheid tijdens maximale inspanning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Cerebrale oxygenatie en haemodynamica</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">… <span style="border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0;">ten eerste</span>:, <strong><em>tijdens oplopende inspanning</em></strong> was er een <strong><em>aktivatie van de hersenen, weerspiegeld door de verhoogde HbO<sub>2</sub>, tHb, HHb en gedaalde TOI%</em></strong> (verhoogde O<sub>2</sub>-extraktie) in beide groepen. Eerder onderzoek toonde aan dat <strong><em>veranderingen in cerebrale oxygenatie een reflektie is van neuronale aktivatie</em></strong> (Ferrari et al. 2004; Bhambhani et al. 2007).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="border:1pt solid windowtext;font-size:10pt;padding:0;">Ten tweede</span><span style="font-size:10pt;"> was er een significant verschil (d.i.. minder verandering) in cerebraal HbO<sub>2</sub>, tHb en HHb bij de CVS- versus de controle-individuen. Daarenboven steeg de TOI meer in de controle-groep dan bij de CVS-groep (64,5%). Te samen genomen wijzen deze resultaten er op dat de <strong><em>bloeddoorstroming wellicht</em></strong> was <strong><em>gecompromiteerd tijdens oplopende inspanning bij de CVS-individuen</em></strong>, zoals weerspiegeld door de kleinere verandering in tHb (bij NIRS werd tHb reeds gebruikt als een indirekte maatstaf voor bloeddoorstroming) en <strong><em>minder zuurstof-transport en -verbruik door de hersenen</em></strong> (weerspiegeld in de kleinere verandering in HbO<sub>2</sub> en HHb in de CVS-groep).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Het is algemeen aanvaard dat de zuurstof-opname in de hersenen stijgt tijdens inspanning (Ide &#38; Secher 2000; Ferrari et al. 2004; Bhambhani et al. 2007; Wolf et al. 2007) wanneer deze gemonitord wordt met NIRS. TOI is één van de meest betrouwbare parameters aangezien het de dynamische balans tussen O<sub>2</sub>-consumptie en gebruik weerspiegelt, en onafhankelijk is van de afstand van nabij-infrarood fotonen in hersenweefsel (Ferrari et al. 2004). In deze studie was er een daling van 3-8% in TOI bij de controles, in vergelijking met slechts 1,3% daling in de CVS-groep. Dit staat gelijk met een <strong><em>64,5% verschil in de hoeveelheid O<sub>2</sub>-extraktie tussen de 2 groepen</em></strong>. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Ter ondersteuning van onze observaties … gebruikten <span style="background:yellow none repeat scroll 0 0;">Tanaka et al. </span></span><span style="background:yellow none repeat scroll 0 0;font-size:10pt;">(2002)</span><span style="font-size:10pt;"> ook niet-invasieve NIRS om de tonen dat de <span style="background:yellow none repeat scroll 0 0;">meerderheid van de CVS-individuen in hun studie verhoogde oxy-Hb concentraties ([oxy-Hb]) in de hersenen bij rechtstaan</span> vertoonden. Ze hypothiseerden dat <span style="background:yellow none repeat scroll 0 0;">een gedaalde perfusie-druk en cerebrale vasoconstrictie deels de daling in [oxy-Hb] kunnen verklaren</span>. Dit kan ook recente research ondersteunen door Rasmussen et al. (2007), die aantoonde dat een verminderde cerebrale zuurstof-levering een direct effekt had op bewegings-performantie. Het is dus waarschijnlijk dat de verminderde bewegings-performantie ten gevolge de ontoereikende zuurstof-levering naar de hersenen aangetoond in die studie, resulteerde in de vastgestelde vroege aanvang van centrale vermoeidheid die we zagen bij onze CVS-individuen (aangetoond door de reductie in HbO<sub>2</sub>, tHb en HHb in vergelijking met controles).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Onderzoek, gebruikmakend van transcraniale Doppler sonografie, heeft aangetoond dat cerebrale bloeddoorstroming verminderd is in individuen met CVS (Ichise et al. 1992; Yoshiuchi et al. 2006). </span><span style="background:yellow none repeat scroll 0 0;font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Ichise et al. </span><span style="background:yellow none repeat scroll 0 0;font-size:10pt;">(1992) toonden een significante vermindering van de bloeddoorstroming aan in meerdere hersen-regionen van CVS-individuen</span><span style="font-size:10pt;">, ook de prefrontale cortex. Sommigen hebben gesuggereerd dat deze verminderde bloeddoostroming gerelateerd is met een autonome ontregeling … </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">(Stewart et al. 1998; Yamamoto et al. 2003). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;">Omdat cerebrale auto-regulatie, metabole regulatie van O<sub>2</sub>- en CO<sub>2</sub>-gemedieerde vasodilatie de belangrijkste mechanismen zijn om cerebrale bloeddoorstroming te verzekeren (Nybo &#38; Rasmussen 2007), zouden onze <strong><em>resultaten de premisse ondersteunen dat het centraal zenuwstelsel</em></strong><em> [ZNS] <strong>van CVS-individuen op de één of andere manier is veranderd en eerder onderzoek bevestigen dat suggereert dat een ZNS-mechanisme betrokken is bij de pathogenese van CVS</strong></em> (Georgiades et al. 2003; Chaudhuri &#38; Behan 2004; Siemionow et al. 2004b).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="border:1pt solid windowtext;font-size:10pt;padding:0;">Ten derde</span><span style="font-size:10pt;">, is het vermeldenswaardig dat cerebrale HbO<sub>2</sub> en tHb een plateau bereiken op ongeveer 90% TTE. Dit ondersteunt eerder onderzoek bij gezonde en aktieve individuen (Bhambhani et al. 2007). Dit plateau van HbO<sub>2</sub> en tHb voor het beëindigen van de inspanning is het resultaat van een afname in CO<sub>2 </sub>(op het einde van een normale uidademing; PETCO<sub>2</sub>) en arteriële CO<sub>2</sub> (PaCO<sub>2</sub>) die voorkomt boven de ‘respiratory compensation threshold’ (respiratoire compensatie drempel; RCT). Als de inspanningsintensiteit de RCT verstijgt, resulteert de afgenomen PaCO<sub>2</sub> in een <strong><em>vermindering van de lokale cerebrale bloeddoorstroming</em></strong> (Bhambhani et al. 2007; Nybo &#38; Rasmussen 2007). Zodoende hebben we <strong><em>voor de eerste keer aangetoond</em></strong> dat dit ook gebeurde <strong><em>bij</em></strong> de <strong><em>CVS-individuen</em></strong> in onze studie maar <strong><em>bij een lagere drempel</em></strong> dan de controles. Daarom zou dit suggereren dat hun cerebrovasculaire reaktiviteit op de veranderende PaCO<sub>2</sub>-waarden nog steeds funktioneel is, niettegenstaande ze een gelijkaardige respons boven de RCT vertoonden als de controles; m.n. een afname van de cerebrale oxygenatie en het totaal bloed-volume bij maximale inspanning. Maar de significante verschillen in cerebraal metabolisme (d.i. HbO<sub>2</sub> en tHb) tussen de groepen tijdens sub-maximale en maximale insapnning suggereren nog steeds dat <strong><em>cerebrale regulatie van de bloeddorstroming moet aangetast zijn bij CVS-patiënten</em></strong>. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">[…]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Cardiovasculaire en performantie-variabelen</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Alhoewel onze groepen overéénkwamen qua geslacht, grootte en algemene altiviteitsgraad, werden significante verschillen gevonnden wat betreft hun aëroob vermogen. Dit ondersteunt eerder onderzoek waarbij <strong><em>CVS-individuen een lagere aërobe capaciteit</em></strong> dan normale gezonde ongetrainde mensen van de hetzelfde leeftijd en hetzelfde geslacht hadden […].De <strong><em>reden voor de verminderde aërobe capaciteit bij CVS-individuen is speculatief</em></strong> maar er werd gesuggereerd dat <strong><em>én centrale</em></strong> (Pagani &#38; Lucini 1999) <strong><em>én perifere</em></strong> (McCully &#38; Natelson 1999) <strong><em>factoren bijdragen</em></strong>. Het is <strong><em>mogelijk dat deconditionering én fysiologische factoren, geassocieerd met de reductie in cerebrale oxygenatie en bloeddoorstroming, inspanning beperken bij CVS-individuen</em></strong>. Verder onderzoek is nodig om te bevestigen of perifere factoren, zoals spier-oxygenatie en bloed-volume veranderingen, gewijzigd zijn bij CVS tijdens maximale oplopende inspanning en herstel na inspanning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">De hartslag was ook significant lager bij onze CVS-individuen (154 p/m 13 slagen/min) versus controles (186 p/m 11 slagen/min) bij maximale krachtlevering. De performantie-gegevens toonden dat de piek PO (gemiddeld 100 p/m 39 W en 163 p/m 34 W voor de CVS- en controle-groep) en TTE significant lager waren bij <strong><em>CVS</em></strong>, wat hun <strong><em>onvermogen om een oplopende inspanning te presteren gedurende uitgebreide periode </em></strong>weerspiegelt. De gemiddelde piek PO [<em>maximale arbeid</em>] was 100 p/m 39 W en 163 p/m 34 W voor de CVS- en controle-groepen, respectievelijk. Deze gegevens lopen gelijk met andere maximale waarden in de literatuur (Inbar et al. 2001; Nijs et al. 2004b; Wallman et al. 2004a).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">We gebruikten ook de HR:RPE verhouding als een methode om de actuele en ervaren inspanning van de individuen tijdens de oplopende inspanningstest te vergelijken als een manier om de zelf-gerapporteerde vermoeidheid te bekijken (Cook et al. 2003b). De lagere HR:RPE ratio bij de CVS-indviduen wijst er op dat bij dezelfde HR (of absolute arbeid), RPE significant hoger was, en dit was een consistente bevinding voor elk van de drie sub-maximale inspanningen die werden gemonitord. Verder verschilde de HR tussen de groepen niet voor 35, 60 en 85 W. Dit suggereert dat CVS-individuen hun inspanning als zwaarder ervaren, resultaten die in overeenstemming zijn met de meeste eerdere research (Fulcher &#38; White 2000; Cook et al. 2003b; Georgiades et al. 2003; Wallman et al. 2004b) maar in tegengesteld zijn met anderen (Cook et al. 2003a). […] Onze gedocumenteerde veranderingen in cerebraal HbO<sub>2</sub> en tHb bewijzen dat <strong><em>fysiologische verschillen wel degelijk bestaan tussen CVS- en controle-individuen</em></strong>. Het is mogelijk dat de verminderde oxygenatie (en bloed-volume) -levering en -gebruik door de hersenen, de neurale funktie en inspanningsperceptie wijzigen. Verlaagde neurale aktivatie naar de werkende spieren toe, werd reeds aangetoond bij CVS-individuen door Kent-Braun et al. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">(1993) […]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Mogelijke beperkingen van de studie</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[…] Wanneer we de standaard-deviatie van de CVS- en controle-groepen onderzochten, was deze niet significant verschillend. Daarom droeg het feit dat de onderzochte groep vrij klein was niet bij tot de significante verschillen tussen de groepen. […]</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-GB">Samenvatting en conclusie</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">We hebben duidelijk aangetoond dat de CVS-individuen (in vergelijking met controle-individuen) in deze studie een <strong><em>veranderde corticale oxygenatie-respons</em></strong> hebben op oplopende inspanning. De verminderde cerebrale oxygenatie en bloed-volume veranderingen zijn hoogstwaarschijnlijk gerelateerd met verminderingen in de regionale cerebrale bloeddoorstroming […].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">[<em>De gegevens suggereren dat de veranderingen kunnen bijdragen tot de verminderde inspanningstolerantie bij CVS en ondersteunen dat CVS, ten dele, centraal - d.w.z. via de hersenen - gemedieerd is.</em>]</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Free Coke at CVS for me!]]></title>
<link>http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/?p=131</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 03:07:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>awakened1</dc:creator>
<guid>http://farmorethandiamonds.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/free-coke-at-cvs-for-me/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[

My soda stockpile from back in July has finally almost diminished just in time for a great sale at]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/misc015.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-132" title="misc015" src="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/misc015.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="540" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<p>My soda stockpile from back in July has finally almost diminished just in time for a great sale at CVS on my favorite soda!!</p>
<p>No offense to all you Pepsi fans out there.. but boy have I been missing my Coke!</p>
<p>Bought 8 12 packs and 4 bags of Halloween Candy.</p>
<p><strong>Spent a little more than $5 OOP... brought it all home.. and I earned another 5 ECB's at the same time. :)</strong></p>
<p>All coupons used were from previous purchases or Coke Rewards Coupons.</p>
<p><a href="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/siggy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6" title="siggy1" src="http://farmorethandiamonds.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/siggy1.png" alt="" width="84" height="78" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[CVS lied to me...]]></title>
<link>http://degeneratiphotography.wordpress.com/?p=21</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2008 15:48:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Articia</dc:creator>
<guid>http://degeneratiphotography.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/cvs-lied-to-me/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I looked up a 24hr cvs store with 24 photo developing and they even said they do 1hr photo 24hrs a d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I looked up a 24hr cvs store with 24 photo developing and they even said they do 1hr photo 24hrs a day! so i drove over after work and the clerk told me i could drop off my film but it wouldn't be ready until tomorrow. I would have just left the film but the store was way out of my way and I didn't want to have to drive back there so I think I'm going to find a better, closer store that won't lie to me.</p>
<p>until then...no new photos. ....well maybe. I have a few that i've been wanting to edit and get up here and i've got some time to kill today before a meeting at work so we'll see.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[CVS rocks!]]></title>
<link>http://ericah78.wordpress.com/?p=43</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2008 21:24:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ericah78</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ericah78.fr.wordpress.com/2008/10/01/cvs-rocks/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Just a quick note to let you know that CVS has more than redeemed itself since that one bad night of]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just a quick note to let you know that CVS has more than redeemed itself since that one bad night of deal making.  I've been getting lots of great deals and I did get a price adjustment for that overcharged item.  I also now have a favorite cashier, as I've started making my trips to CVS on Monday mornings after I drop off Em at preschool.  She's always there, recognizes me now, especially since I come in with the boys in the double stroller.  She always cheers me on as she rings up all my coupons and ECB's and earn more ECB's for my next trip.  Then she fawns over the boys and tells them what a smart shopper their mom is.  :-)  Just an extra added bonus that makes it even more fun!  If you haven't heard, CVS has a great deal this week to get a discount on the IronMan DVD.  My hubby really wanted this one, so I bought Always at 2/$6, Secret at 2/$5, Old Spice deodorant at 2/$5, and Pantene shampoo and conditioner for $3.33 each.  I had coupons for every single item, so I ended up spending quite a bit less than the required $20 purchase to get my $10 off the DVD.  That was a fun deal to make!  And now my hubby will be happy to come home and watch his new movie tonight!</p>
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